Recent Advances in Protein-Based Flame-Retardant Materials

The development of sustainable and effective flame-retardant materials is important in addressing fire safety concerns in various industries. This chapter presents a critical analysis of recent advances in the use of proteins as a renewable and eco-friendly source for flame-retardant materials. Proteins, derived from natural sources such as soy, whey, keratin, casein, and cystine, have gained significant attention due to their inherent flame-resistant properties and biodegradability. The chapter further discusses innovative strategies for incorporating proteins into flame-retardant materials, including their application in textiles, transportation, plastics, construction and coatings. Recent research has focused on enhancing the flame-retardant performance of proteins through chemical modification, nanocomposite and nanostructures, and synergistic approaches with other flame-retardant additives. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the flame-retardant action of proteins, such as the formation of char layers, burning rates and heat release rates are explored. Furthermore, this chapter highlights the environmental benefits of protein-based flame-retardant materials, emphasizing their potential to reduce the environmental impact associated with traditional flame-retardants.