Hard Fusion Techniques for Energy-Efficient CSS Over Fading Channels in Cognitive Wireless Sensor Network

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) gathers sensing data from several cognitive radios (CR) users, referred to as secondary users (SUs), to efficiently identify spectrum gaps in CR networks. When the network's CR users are battery-operated, the energy resources in CSS become vital. Thus, they must utilize their energy wisely. An energy-efficient comparative study of CSS hard fusion techniques is presented in this research. The fusion rule threshold is computed to maximize the EE, and hard fusion methods such as AND, OR, and majority fusion are discussed. The study results show that in the Nakagami fading scenario, OR fusion performs better regarding total error probability. However, majority fusion outperforms the other two hard fusion techniques in terms of energy efficiency. The EE performance in a Nakagami fading channel is superior to other fading channels. The maximum energy efficiency (EE) for the majority fusion and Nakagami channel is 3.6833 Mbits/Hz/joule for the secondary user quantity and 3.725 Mbits/Hz/joule for the detector threshold.