Circadian Control of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Its Implication in Aging

Mitochondria are essential for the generation of energy through oxidative metabolism. Their malfunction has been associated with metabolic disorders and ageing (Chan 2006); however, a definitive cause-and-effect relationship has not always been proven. Aside from dietary availability, the synthesis of ATP is also regulated by various cellular mechanisms that are tailored to fulfil certain metabolic needs. Uncoupled respiration in brown adipocytes, which generates heat by releasing oxidative energy, is an extraordinary illustration (Wikstrom et al. 2014). Mitochondrial adaptation to different nutritional situations is influenced by structural changes regulated by mitochondrial dynamics, which involve mitochondrial fusion, fission, and selective autophagy (mitophagy). The molecular constituents and functions within cells of mitochondrial dynamics were first elucidated through the utilisation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and model organisms (Westermann 2010). Egner and colleagues (2002) showed that the shape of mitochondria can change in response to exposure to various carbon sources or growth conditions. The process of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for regulating both the generation of energy and the maintenance of quality control within the cell (Liesa and Shirihai 2013; Youle and Van Der Bliek 2012). The significance of maintaining mitochondrial quality control is demonstrated by various human disorders, such as age-related neurodegeneration. Research has shown that mutations in genes involved in mitophagy are linked to autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (Valente et al. 2004).