Climate Strategies at National Level: Comparing Italian and Croatian Approaches

This chapter compares the national climate strategies of Italy and Croatia within the framework of European Union directives. Italy has developed the National Adaptation Strategy (NAS), the National Plan for Adaptation to Climate Change (NPACC), and the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (INECP). These strategies integrate adaptation and mitigation measures tailored to Italy’s diverse socio-economic and environmental landscapes. On the other hand, Croatia has adopted the Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (CAS) and the Energy Development Strategy (LCDS), which focus on enhancing resilience to climate impacts and transitioning to a low-carbon economy. The chapter examines how these strategies address climate vulnerabilities, regulatory frameworks, stakeholder engagements, and funding mechanisms. Specific attention is given to the implementation timelines, sectoral coverage, and coherence with international climate agreements. The chapter is structured as follows. Section 6.1 outlines the adaptation and mitigation strategies in Italy, whereas Sect. 6.2 focuses on Croatia. The chapter concludes with discussions and final considerations on the overall information collected (Sect. 6.3).