Grey Prediction Model for Saturated S-Shaped Sequences

The univariate grey prediction models introduced in Chaps. 4 and 5 of this book are mainly applicable for the sequences with approximately exponential growth characteristics and can only describe monotonically changing processes. However, in the real world, the evolution of any system has to go through such processes as appearance, rapid development, saturated growth and gradual decline. In such situation, it is difficult for us to do effective modeling through the exponential sequence models represented by GM (1,1).