Methods and Protocols for Extraction of Cell-Free Fetal DNA from the Maternal Circulation

Detecting fetal genetic disorders in fetus by invasive methods is important for decision-making, but they bring risks and discomfort. Noninvasive procedures are a preferable option, albeit demanding rare fetal DNA extraction from maternal blood, ensuring both quality and quantity. This chapter details protocols for cell-free fetal DNA extraction, beginning with blood withdrawal and plasma separation. It explores manual and kit-based extraction methods, followed by DNA quantification using spectroscopic techniques. Molecular methods segregate fetal DNA from maternal impurities, each approach presenting its own advantages and limitations. Despite advancements, a dependable noninvasive detection technology remains elusive, highlighting the urgent need for economically feasible, scientifically sound methodologies in routine hospital diagnostics to mitigate fetal disorders and deaths worldwide.