A Brief Review of Cyber Attacks on Electric Vehicle Battery Management System

Nowadays, electric Vehicles (EVs) offer many advantages, like environmental benefits, reduced emissions, and lower maintenance. Batteries used in EVs are lithium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hybrid batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc. Among them, lithium-ion batteries are the most preferred batteries in EVs because of their high energy per unit mass, good high-temperature performance, and low self-discharge. Lithium-ion batteries have several important considerations to keep in mind, including potential safety risks and reduced performance due to low thermal stability and the ageing process. Battery Management Systems (BMS) play a key role in monitoring and protecting lithium-ion batteries in EVs. The main frameworks of the BMS are balancing control, thermal management, charging control, health monitoring, communication modules, sensors, and digital output. With the advancement of technology, the BMSs are coming with an inbuilt communication module to transfer the data in order to monitor different battery parameters. However, there are security threats to BMS because of the incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud technologies. In this regard, there is a need to focus on security vulnerabilities from potential cyber-attacks that can potentially affect BMS in various aspects like battery explosion, over-battery degradation, overcharging, etc. In this regard, cyber security is of prime importance for BMS.