Optimal Sizing of Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Different Energy Storage System

At present the whole world is using green energy compared to fossil because fossil fuels are depleting, earth’s temperature is increasing, climate is also changing, and all these things are a big problem for the survival of the earth. This study proposes a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system using different batteries. This model includes photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, diesel generators, converters, and batteries. Lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries have been compared to select the optimal battery, all based on hybrid renewable energy system and sustainable development. The objective of this study is to find out the optimal configuration and techno-economic characteristics of multiple energy resources using hybrid optimization technique. Comparing the parameters of lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries, it was found that the optimal configuration is photovoltaic array/wind turbine/diesel generator/battery/converter with lithium-ion battery. The value of net present cost and energy cost is found to be 1.64M and 0.144$ respectively at the study site. The carbon dioxide emission configuration of lithium-ion batteries is 107,314 kg/year while the carbon dioxide emission configuration of lead-acid batteries is 351,288 kg/year. These results show that lithium-ion batteries are technically and economically superior to lead-acid batteries.