Impacts and Challenges of Electrical Vehicles in Smart Transportation System

Transport sector in all over the world is experiencing a breakthrough change due to penetration of electric vehicles into the market. Major share of the energy is consumed by transport sector, and also this sector is considered as major contributor of greenhouse gas emission. Electrification of transport sector is an excellent strategy for achieving environment goals. Electric vehicles provide most promising way to decarbonize transport and to encourage renewable energy generation. Despite the environment concerns, government policies and OEM products, the market penetration of electric vehicles is very low. This paper gives an overview of impacts of electrical vehicles on environment, economy and power grid along with electrical vehicle configuration, different challenges and its proposed solutions. The adoption of electric vehicles has positive and negative impacts on power grid. The negative impacts can be addressed by proper planning of charging stations and their infrastructure, improving battery technology with better range, less charging time and stability. This study provides the identification of the impacts of electrical vehicles and the need to improve the electrical vehicle technology for widespread adoption of electrical vehicles in Indian market.