Application of Choline for Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury
摘要
The primary and secondary injuries are the phases of the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Primary injury happens when the brain is subjected to an external force that directly affects the vascular system, glial cells, and neuronal tissue according to their physical properties. The development of biological processes brought on by the first damage leads to secondary injuries. These may include cellular malfunction, resulting in apoptosis, ischemia, glutamate toxicity, neuroinflammation, edema, and increased blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Choline acts as a modulator of the inflammatory response, a neuroprotective agent. In addition, nanomaterials associated with choline and their strong loading capacity could play an important role in the treatment of TBI.