IoT-Enabled Automated Smart Irrigation System Incorporating Sensor Parameters

This article presents the experimental findings of a smart irrigation system evaluated in two separate agricultural settings—small-scale farming and large-scale agriculture. The system combines sensors, microcontrollers, and actuators to precisely monitor and regulate the irrigation process in order to optimum water use and crop output. Water savings range from 20 to 45% when using smart irrigation technology in small-scale agriculture. By only turning on the irrigation pump when necessary, the technology optimizes water use and fosters sustainable farming methods. Furthermore, by sustaining perfect growing conditions, the approach boosts crop output, with yield benefits ranging from 10 to 22%. These improvements assist small-scale farmers in becoming more profitable and raising their level of living. In large-scale agriculture, smart irrigation systems allow excellent water management and resource optimization across huge agricultural fields. The technology consistently saves a large quantity of water, often between 25 and 50%, addressing water scarcity issues. Additionally, this method has led to a 12–25% increase in aggregate crop yields, thereby raising farm income and increasing agricultural firm profitability. Experiments shows that this smart irrigation system could bring cost-effective, sustainable techniques to extensive and intensive agriculture alike. Intelligence-guided decision-making technology is applied here, and cutting-edge technologies are brought to bear on the water use problem. The system conserves precious resources and increases agricultural output at the same time.