Carbonation of Alkali Activated Materials: Characterization, Performance and Mechanism

Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) offer an eco-friendly alternative toordinary Portland cement (OPC), however, the carbonation behavior of AAMs remains complex and less understood compared to OPC. The chapter reviews the carbonation process in AAMs, where CO2 reacts with alkaline components, impacting mechanical strength, microstructure, and permeability. Key insights include the role of material precursors, activator types, and curing conditions in influencing carbonation depth and resistance. The chapter also emphasizes the contrast between AAMs and OPC in carbonation mechanisms, such as the decalcification of calcium-rich phases in AAMs, leading to changes in porosity and structural integrity. In addition to presenting empirical studies, this chapter underscores the need for further research into optimizing AAM carbonation resistance, exploring new formulations, and developing standardized testing methods to accurately predict long-term durability in real-world applications.