Microbial Biotechniques Progressions: Fundamental Concepts and Theories of Various Spectroscopic Techniques

Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. These microorganisms significantly influence human health, agriculture, industry, and the environment. Microbiologists employ various tools and methodologies to study microorganisms’ structure, function, diversity, and interactions. This chapter aims to introduce the fundamental concepts and theories behind the working principles of numerous imaging and spectroscopic techniques utilized today in microbiology and beyond, as well as the range of analytical and separation methods employed and their application in practice. The chapter will mainly concentrate on concepts related to light, microscopy, spectroscopy, solid state, X-ray crystallography, chromatography, centrifugation, electrophoresis, and the application of magnetic and electronic resonance phenomena in biological investigation.