Biodegradation Mechanisms and Bioremediation Applications for Plastic Waste

Plastic pollution is a growing environmental concern. This chapter explores the biodegradation mechanisms employed by microorganisms to break down plastic waste and the potential applications of bioremediation for plastic waste management. Certain microorganisms produce enzymes like polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase (PETase) and polycaprolactone (PCL) depolymerase, capable of breaking down specific plastic polymers into smaller, biodegradable fragments. Biodegradation offers a promising approach for mitigating plastic pollution. This chapter reviews the enhancement of plastic biodegradation in compost piles through the addition of specific microbial cultures or creation of optimal conditions for existing plastic-degrading microorganisms. By understanding the mechanisms employed by microorganisms and developing effective bioremediation applications, we can contribute to a more sustainable future for plastic waste management.