Biocides for Coating Formulations: Current Status and Future Challenges

Coatings are ubiquitous in today’s highly industrialized world and integral to modern human life. Microbial contamination is a major issue during the manufacturing, storage, and service life of the coating. The vulnerability of coating materials to microbial contamination can result in the degradation of product and a reduction in the dry-film capability and performance of the coating. Various biocidal compounds are being used in coatings to protect against microbial spoilage. In-can preservatives protect the coatings in a liquid state, while the dry-film preservative protects the film during environmental exposure. The present chapter deals with various biocidal agents presently used in coatings, their biocidal efficacy, and their suitability in paint formulation development. The growing concern about the human and environmental toxicity of many of these biocidal compounds resulted in stringent government regulations. Many of the classes of these chemicals are under increasing pressure globally due to the concern of toxicity. The chapter delves into the latest research and innovations in biocidal compounds, emphasizing their compatibility with the existing coating materials, their performance, risk assessment, and regulatory aspects while maintaining effective antimicrobial properties. Additionally, the chapter explores the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption of biocidal compounds in coatings in an eco-friendly manner and the future directions that can align with the requirements of the industries and at the same time achieve the goals of green chemistry and environmental responsibility.