2D Materials—Applications in Photo Sensors

2D materials have drawn a lot of interest in the field of photodetection due to their distinct electrical and optical characteristics. Particularly, photoactive materials with considerable promise for application in photo sensors and photodetectors include graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2. 2D materials have a significant advantage in photodetection due to their low thickness and enormous surface area, which allows for the efficient absorption of photons. Additionally, the high electron mobility of 2D materials makes it easier to transmit charge carriers produced by photoexcitation. 2D materials can be configured in a number of ways in light sensors, including photodiodes, phototransistors, and photovoltaic cells. In comparison to more conventional materials like silicon, the use of 2D materials in optical sensors has a number of benefits. Due to their flexibility and lightweight, 2D materials may be used in wearable and portable electronics. Moreover, 2D materials have a wide spectral response, from ultraviolet to infrared, and can be tuned by changing the thickness or composition of the material. Despite the promise of 2D materials in photodetection, there are still challenges to be addressed, such as improving the efficiency and stability of the devices and developing scalable and cost-effective fabrication methods. This chapter mainly includes the potential applications of 2D materials in photo sensors in the active area of research.