Electrochemical Sensors Based on 2D Materials (2DMs) and Their Heterostructures

The present book chapter explores the potential of 2DMs and their heterostructures in electrochemical sensing. Electrochemical sensing is an inexpensive and hassle-free approach to the identification of analytes. It is widely employed in the food, environment, and health sectors. We will also outline the various types of 2DMs including graphene (GR), transition metal dichalcogenides/oxides (TMDs/TMOs), transition metal nitrides (TMNs), materials based on black phosphorus (BP), carbon nitrides (CNs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), boron nitrides (BNs) being utilized for electrochemical sensing applications. In the present chapter, we have focused on the synthesis and properties of 2DMs. The exceptional properties such as high electronic conductivity, thin-film forming ability, flexibility, and tuneable nature make them apt candidates for electrochemical sensing applications. The latest advancements in the designing and construction of electrochemical sensors based on food quality, health monitoring, environmental monitoring, and biomolecular detection are also discussed. Therefore, through understanding the existing electrochemical sensors constructed using 2D materials, this chapter will facilitate the advancement of state-of-the-art electrochemical sensors and devices.