Combined with the practical geotechnical problem of shield tunnel side piercing pile foundation, this paper develops a set of test device that can realistically simulate formation loss and post-wall grouting during shield tunneling by introducing transparent soil test technology and digital image processing technology, carries out indoor model tests on the existing pile foundation of double-line tunnel side penetration, obtains the deformation gauge and dynamic development process of soil and pile foundation caused by double-line tunnel, and analyzes the influence of tunnel burial depth and relative distance between pile and tunnel. The results show that the increase of tunnel burial depth will cause the expansion of soil settlement trough range and peak value. The deformation caused by the pile foundation located on both sides of the double-line tunnel accounts for about 90% of the total deformation compared to the tunnel, and the farther the pile foundation on both sides of the double-line tunnel, the less affected it is. This article can provide guidance and suggestions for the construction of similar projects.