A prefabricated pre-embedded steel–concrete column base was presented which aimed to be applied in a petroleum pipeline gallery and three full-scale specimens were tested under quasi-static cyclic loading to investigate the seismic performance. Failure patterns, hysteretic characteristics, skeleton curves, displacement ductility, and stiffness of columns have been studied. The results showed that concrete spalling failure in the cast-in-place connection part of all specimens occurred and there was no visible crack in the column. The hysteretic curves of specimens indicated relatively good energy dissipation performance. The additional anchor rebar can effectively enhance the connection between the precast column and cast-in-place concrete. The strength along the strong axis and the weak axis was similar based on the comparison of seismic parameters. The specimens still maintained relatively high residual strength even after cast-in-place concrete failure which presented a potential possibility of engineering application in petroleum pipeline gallery.