The Role of Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Security

Agriculture is an important industry that contributes significantly to the global economy. This sector contributes to the world economy, has fed the population, and will continue to feed it as it grows exponentially. Traditional and commercial agriculture has been essential in ensuring food security for the growing population. However, in recent years, the ever-increasing population, climate change, and the stress on natural resources have strained agriculture's ability to meet food demands, further negatively impacting food security. Additionally, the food sector contributes approximately 25% to the global carbon footprint. Hence, there is a need for advanced technologies and practices to transform the agriculture sector and address the growing global challenge of food security.Nanotechnology is an advanced technology applied extensively in many fields, such as biotechnology, engineering, medical sciences, agriculture, and the food sector. Agricultural resources and crop yield have improved with nanosensors and nanomaterials. Furthermore, nanotechnology has been used to process perishable food products, extend their shelf life, and ensure all-year-round food security and availability. These technologies have been used for post-harvest and food security and improved quality.Despite these enormous benefits, their health effects and regulatory requirements are significant concerns for their application. The chapter provides a comprehensive role for nanotechnology in strengthening agriculture and food security and some challenges with its application and prospects.