Sliding Mode Control and Energy Management for Electrified Vehicles with Hybrid Energy Storage

The growing interest in environmental sustainability and the permanent need for environmentally friendly transportation solutions have amplified the interest attributed to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and accelerated their large commercialization. In this paper, the control and energy management of an electric vehicle powered by a fuel cell (FC) and supercapacitor (SC) is studied. The HEV is controlled using direct torque control and the vehicle speed is regulated using sliding mode controller (SMC). Simulation results yielded good vehicle performances and confirm the efficiency of the designed SMC controller. Moreover, robustness analysis was performed to evaluate HEV performance against possible variation in the parameters of its traction machine and the obtained results were satisfactory.