Modelling of Mode Choice Behaviour During Off-Peak Hours—A Case of New Delhi City

Mode choice modelling plays a critical role in metropolitan cities, especially during off-peak hours (OPH), as it provides crucial insights into commuter behaviour and preferences which are crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions that optimize resources, alleviate congestion, and promote sustainable transportation options. By analyzing mode choices during non-peak times, cities can develop efficient transportation systems tailored to the unique needs of metropolitan areas, resulting in enhanced overall mobility and reduced environmental impact. However, there is a notable dearth of research focused on mode choice behaviour during off-peak hours, particularly in developing countries like India. To address this research gap, the present study selected New Delhi as a case city to examine the travel behaviour of different mode users during peak hours (PH) and identify the factors influencing their shift to off-peak hours. The study encompassed five modes of transportation: Car (4W), 2W (two-wheeler), Bus, Metro, and Auto. The study conducted a primary survey encompassing socio-economic factors, travel characteristics, and mode choice behaviour. The binary Logit model was employed to explore the shift between peak and off-peak hours. The outcomes of the study revealed significant differences in mode choice behaviour between peak and off-peak hours. This understanding of commuter preferences during non-peak times provides valuable insights for policymakers, enabling them to develop targeted strategies to encourage mode shift from peak to off-peak hours to enhance overall mobility and reduce environmental impact.