Household Proximity to Metro: A Perspective Related to TOD and Travel

This paper aimed at exploring the determinants of household proximity to high-quality transit, particularly within the Indian context. To investigate the proximity of households to metro stations in Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) areas, four binomial logit models were developed. The findings indicate positive associations between parking supply, car ownership, and household proximity to the metro, revealing potential dissonance and car dependency. Thus, regulating parking within TOD areas would be crucial for sustainable transportation. Interestingly, longer travel times for shopping, education, and recreation are positively associated with household proximity within TODs, whereas commuting and shopping by car exhibit negative associations. Notably, negative influences of apartment and house ownership and house rent on household proximity have been observed, but housing varieties contribute positively to residential locations close to the metro. Furthermore, satisfaction with TOD neighborhoods correlates positively with proximity, signaling a lower degree of dissonance. Moreover, household proximity to the metro is positively associated with enhanced non-motorized transportation (NMT) safety at intersections. In addition, higher residential densities, in conjunction with other TOD indicators as shown in the results, are desirable, along with environmentally friendly transportation facilities, to attract people from various socio-demographic groups to live close to transit.