Historical records of the Xia Dynasty are scanty, the Shang Dynasty may be a tribal alliance, and “it is still unknown if the Zhou was a region in the Shang or an independent country having close ties to the Shang.” Although the Zhou seemed to be formally the Shang’s vassal after Wuding’s conquest, there are still many inconsistencies in name and events (Zhang, 2013, pp. 165–166). This chapter focuses on the Zhou Dynasty and unfolds with a comparison of the Shang and the Zhou Dynasties. “The Zhou was old, but its mission was new”, and the transformation from the Shang to the Zhou was historically known as the “Shang-Zhou Revolution” led by the Duke of Zhou (Ji Dan).