The Spectrum of Delirium

Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by an acute, fluctuating, and reversible disturbance in brain function [1]. Delirium is common in older adults in a variety of healthcare settings and is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, functional decline, healthcare costs, and nursing home placement [2]. Despite these significant and sometimes long-term sequelae, delirium often goes unrecognized in clinical practice. Timely and accurate diagnosis is important to address reversible causes of delirium and reduce complications of delirium. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for delirium is paramount to prevention and treatment.