This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of operating systems tailored for embedded systems within the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence. It examines the intricacies of operating systems suitable for these devices, discussing their unique features, advantages, and challenges. The chapter serves as a foundational guide for understanding the role of operating systems in using the performance of embedded systems deployed in IoT and AI scenarios. This research endeavors to conduct a comparative case study among three distinct single-board computers, namely Raspberry Pi, Asus ThinkerBoard, and A20-OLinuXino-MICRO by Olimex board. The focal point of this investigation is to comprehensively examine and juxtapose the advantages and limitations inherent in the employment of each platform. Through a systematic analysis, I aim to elucidate the unique attributes and performance characteristics that distinguish these single-board computers within the context of embedded systems and IoT applications. Focusing on the critical aspect of device compatibility, this chapter examines the challenges and solutions associated with integrating input–output devices in embedded systems. It addresses issues such as interoperability, standards, and protocols, providing insights into effective strategies for overcoming compatibility hurdles in different hardware environments.