Batch Reverse Osmosis: Evolution from the Concept to the Technology

Batch reverse osmosis is a typical arrangement to achieve higher recovery with minimum energy consumption and lower fouling. Recent developments show that batch and hybrid batch/semi-batch are the most efficient desalination systems. The batch and hybrid batch/semi-batch are associated with the increased recovery of the process and reduced energy consumption. Typically, the batch reverse osmosis process can be achieved using fix bladder or free piston. Batch reverse osmosis uses time-varying pressure to achieve a higher recovery. The batch and hybrid batch/semi-batch processes are developed for the brackish water and seawater reverse osmosis. The potential applications for batch reverse osmosis are industrial wastewater treatment. Minimizing and disposing of brine are the biggest challenge to overcome with a different type of water treatment. This review discusses the technological evolution, potential applications, challenges associated with the process, and future potentials.