Comparative Study of Optimal Location of Electrical Vehicle Charging Stations Using Different Algorithms

Currently, pollution in the world is increasing day by day, and one of the major contributing factors is \({\text{CO}}_{2}\) emission. Road transport in India caters to 87–90% of total passenger traffic and 64% of freight movement, which is the world's second-largest road network. As conventional fuel-based transport has the highest contribution to carbon emission, this provides a great opportunity to decarbonization of the transport sector and provides sustainable mobility. Electric vehicles can help to achieve sustainable mobility. A big infrastructure of electric vehicle charging stations is needed for the continuous mobility of electric vehicles. The Indian government supports cutting-edge technologies of electric vehicle development and its charging infrastructure. Charging infrastructure consists of various charging stations and charging points. These stations have chargers that are either installation-based or plug and play-based. This paper proposes the optimal allocation of electrical vehicle charging stations on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system using different heuristic techniques. The objective is to optimally locate the electrical vehicle charging stations in the radial distribution grid, minimizing the losses and improving the voltage profile. A comparative study is done using genetic algorithm, gray wolf optimization technique and firefly algorithm.