Cost-Effective Energy Management of a Smart Residential Community with RES and CESS

With the growing popularity of renewable energy sources (RES) and advancement in smart grid infrastructure, energy storage systems (ESSs) have become a crucial tool for lowering electricity bills and mitigating the impact of the intermittent and variable nature of RES on the electricity grid. However, the expensive cost of ESS prevents it from being used widely. In this paper, the concept of a community energy storage system (CESS) for household operators is proposed and used for the economic energy dispatch of a smart residential community. Instead of separate ESS, households can use the CESS to perform peer-to-peer energy exchanges among them, which increases the utilization of RES. This study considers that each household has a rooftop photovoltaic panel of different capacities and uses its appliances for different durations. Price-based demand response technique, i.e., real-time pricing is used to schedule the appliances and to optimize the energy procurement cost of the consumers. Finally, this energy scheduling is formulated in a linear manner, and it is solved using a mixed integer linear programming technique with CPLEX solver in GAMS software. It is found that the CESS greatly reduces the household consumer's electricity bills, shifts energy usage from peak times to off-peak times and enhances RES consumption.