To determine the damage degree of the main shaft tower of a gold mine long in disrepair and provide guidance for rehabilitation, we conducted an in situ inspection and appraisal according to the current national standards. Testing instruments and equipment were used in the in situ inspection. The inspection covered various aspects including its foundation, load-bearing structural members, and connections, concrete strength, rebar cross-sectional area, crack width, structural horizontal displacement, and structural perpendicularity. Based on the data measured in situ and engineering drawings, a finite element model was established to review and calculate the seismic bearing capacity of the main shaft tower and evaluate its structural safety, serviceability, durability, and seismic resistance. It is ultimately found that the main shaft tower of the gold mine has suffered from various damages due to long-term use. The safety grade of the main shaft tower is Grade III, which does not conform to the safety requirements of the current national standards and affects the overall safety. The serviceability grade is Grade III, which does not conform to the requirements of the current national standards for normal use. Durability has also been compromised, significantly affecting normal use within the target service life. Additionally, the causes of the problems discovered were analyzed, and a scientific and reasonable rehabilitation plan was provided. This case project is of great referencing significance for the identification and rehabilitation of similar mine shaft towers.