The urban built environment has a great impact on the thermal comfort of the summer microclimate. Taking the urban built environment as the research object, the effects of different built environments on summer microclimate air temperature, relative humidity, and thermal comfort were investigated. The study found that arbors are the key factor for cooling and humidifying in the built environment; arbors and covered facilities can effectively improve the summer microclimate thermal comfort of the built environment. Based on the results of the above research, climate adaptation optimization strategies such as proper selection of arbors to provide shading, selection of appropriate underlay materials, and improvement of ventilation capacity of the built environment are proposed.