Ceramic membranes show particular properties among which are their excellent chemical and thermal stability, as well as high mechanical strength which could broaden their industrial applications. However, the high cost of raw materials along with the high energy consumption during manufacturing processes limit their industrial applications. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to prepare a new generation of low-cost ceramic membranes based on geomaterials such as clays. The physical, mineralogical, chemical and thermal properties of clays could justify their choice in the fabrication of ceramic membranes due to lower sintering temperatures of clay-based membranes compared with industrial oxides (e.g. alumina and silica). This chapter provides an overview of the preparation of low-cost ceramic ultrafiltration membranes made from Moroccan clay for dyes removal. The removal of dyes from wastewater using membrane processes is addressed by considering operation conditions, mechanisms and challenges. Furthermore, the future pathway towards the development of clay-based ultrafiltration membranes for water treatment and decontamination of wastewater for large scale is suggested.