Industrialization is one of the reasons for urbanisation. This process of urbanisation provided waste as a by-product. Waste generation is in the form of effluent, sewage, solids, or gas. Wastewater has already been proven to be a health hazard. Different users use different qualities of water and produce different types of wastewater. Many industries are the biggest consumers of water and the largest producers of wastewater. Wastewater needs to be treated and recycled. It is not only because of water scarcity but also to prevent contamination of natural waterbodies. Many membrane technologies are available today to treat and reuse wastewater, like membrane bioreactors, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, ceramic membranes, zero liquid discharge systems, etc. Presently, wastewater treatment processes in industries serve this purpose. However, wastewater treatment depends not only on membrane technology but also on governing policies, pollution control standards, the socio-economic system, and awareness programmes. Therefore, more advanced membrane technology and processes are always needed by users. The purpose is to reduce freshwater consumption and minimise wastewater discharge to nature. Research, development, and innovation should consider these factors while developing membrane technology for its acceptance and implementation. Cost competition in industries, business, and the economics of the country are influential factors in implementing membrane technologies. Even domestic or municipal wastewater treatment requires membrane technologies. However, the commercial part has become the primary deciding factor for the implementation of membrane technology. In this chapter, the above-mentioned factors are well described. This also includes the socioeconomic factor, which forces science to expect not only low-cost membrane technology but also advancements in primary and tertiary treatment technologies.