Introduction

The technological and socio-economic changes are intensifying the competition in business. Industry 4.0 originated in Germany in 2011, following on from three previous industrial revolutions (Lukač 2015; Galati and Bigliardi 2019). Since then, academics and practitioners have recognized it as a valuable innovation opportunity and challenge for enterprises ranging from manufacturing to services (Bigliardi et al. 2022). With the progress of industrial revolutions, enterprises continuously enhanced their level of innovation and accelerated change globally. Enterprises of all sizes and types are more focused than ever on fostering innovation today (Lockwood and Papke 2017).