Introduction of Web 3.0

Web 3.0 represents the next evolutionary phase of the Internet, characterized by decentralized networks, enhanced user sovereignty over data, and the integration of technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT). This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Web 3.0 from its concept to its architecture, highlighting the significant role of AI in enhancing its features across various layers, including infrastructure, interface, management, and application. Furthermore, it delves into the pressing challenges related to security and privacy within the Web 3.0, including ensuring effective privacy protection, guaranteeing robust user authentication, and behavior identification, and the auditing and traceability of data assets. Through in-depth analysis, this chapter explores existing research efforts and proposes potential directions within the context of Web 3.0 for addressing these challenges, emphasizing the importance of balancing privacy protection with usability, improving authentication methods, and ensuring the integrity and traceability of data assets.