Gut Microbiota Mechanism of Fetal-Originated Disease

The intestinal microbiota engages in an intricate interplay with the host, establishing reciprocal communication pathways between the microbial community and various organs, including the liver, brain, and bones. These communication corridors are known as physiological axes, encompassing the gut-liver axis, gut-brain axis, and gut-bone axis. Unfavorable conditions during gestation can induce alterations in the composition of the progeny’s gut microbiota by modulating the physiological colonization process, thereby augmenting the risk of chronic disease manifestation later in life. This article delivers a comprehensive overview of the physiological regulation and colonization dynamics of the gut microbiota; elucidates the underlying mechanisms regulating the gut-liver, gut-brain, and gut-bone axes; and underscores their intimate correlations with susceptibility to a myriad of diseases originating in fetal life. The overarching goal is to investigate the potential of the gut microbiota as a prognostic marker for susceptibility to diseases of fetal origin and to furnish novel insights for the efficacious prevention and management of such maladies.