Physicochemical Properties of Graphene Quantum Dots

Once 2D graphene is converted into GQDs, it acquires unique features due to quantum confinement and edge effects, which have sparked interest in physics, biology, materials science, and chemistry, among other fields. A comprehensive understanding of the electrical structure and optical properties of GQDs is necessary for future applications. Tests have shown that the lateral size or chemical functionalization of GQDs can independently regulate their band gap and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. The wavelength of the excitation light, the lateral size, the attached functional groups, and the solution's pH all have a significant impact on the photoluminescence of GQDs.