Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Composites

The distinctive electrical, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties were highlighted for graphene, and its derivatives due to their least one dimension in the nanoscale range have garnered a lot of interest. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional (0D) graphene derivatives consisting of one or more layers of graphene sheets with a size range of less than 20 nm. This chapter provides both a top-down and bottom-up overview of the synthesis of GQDs and specific instructions on how to do so using the acidic oxidation of carbon fibers. Because of their minuscule size, quantum confinement, edge effect, biocompatibility, low toxicity, photostability, and water solubility, they are highly suitable for comprehending molecular-level biological systems and cellular processes.