Introduction

The finite element method was born in the aeronautical industry, in the 1950s, more precisely around the research and development teams of Boeing. Only a few large companies in the sector have been able to acquire the digital means essential to the application of the method. The term “finite elements” is then widely developed. It has grown widely since the 1950s to pervade most areas of applied science, engineering, and financial markets. Nowadays, the finite element method is implemented in many academic or commercial software. It remains until now a blind simulation tool, therefore an object of study, and still knows many more specific developments (mobile or three-dimensional problems, applications on machines or massively parallel graphics cards, deformable meshes, etc.).