Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a critical medical syndrome characterized by systemic activation of blood coagulation, leading to the generation of intravascular fibrin and, consequently, widespread microvascular thrombi that can result in multiorgan failure. This chapter delves into the intricate mechanisms behind DIC, exploring its pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies. It highlights the importance of early detection and comprehensive management to mitigate the severe complications associated with DIC, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to address both the underlying causes and the coagulopathic manifestations. Through a detailed review of etiopathogenesis, including common triggers like sepsis, trauma, malignancies, and obstetric complications, the chapter provides a thorough understanding of DIC’s complex nature. It also discusses the role of scoring systems in diagnosing DIC, differential diagnosis to distinguish DIC from other coagulopathies, and current management practices, including the use of blood products, anticoagulants, and supportive care measures.