Hyperviscosity in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias

Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) represents a critical, emergent condition in plasma cell dyscrasias, characterized by an abnormally high viscosity of the blood, leading to severe clinical manifestations. Predominantly occurring in hematological malignancies like Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and, to a lesser extent, multiple myeloma (MM), HVS demands prompt diagnosis and intervention. This chapter delves into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment approaches for HVS, emphasizing the importance of understanding blood viscosity dynamics, clinical features, and the therapeutic efficacy of plasma exchange and targeted chemotherapy. By integrating current research with clinical practices, this analysis provides a pivotal resource for healthcare professionals aiming to enhance patient outcomes in managing this potentially life-threatening condition.