Valorization of the Lignocellulosic Biomass via Bacterial Enzymatic Machinery for Sustainable Biorefinery

The lignocellulosic biomass under a “waste to use” program is an intriguing substitute to various nonrecyclable sources for bio-product formation due to its accessibility, abundance, and recyclability, which has attracted significant attention on a global scale. However, the utilization of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass to satisfy the booming demand of the ever-increasing population is a bottleneck for biorefineries. Nevertheless, the excellent potential of microorganisms to produce extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes (hydrolases) via their enzymatic machinery possesses tremendous application for serving a wide range of applications in biorefineries. The bacterial enzymatic machinery hydrolyzes the lignocellulosic feedstocks through the destruction and dissociation of the cross-linked, hierarchical structure within lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The current chapter deals with insights into a benign approach for the utilization of bacterial enzymatic machinery for manufacturing value-added products like biofuels, organic acid, antibiotics, proteins, enzymes, and pigments through the hydrolysis of complex lignocellulosic biomass, which will open a new scope for biorefineries in terms of sustainability and economic feasibility.