Extracellular Vesicles: A Significant Mediator Through Interorgan Communication in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

Intravascular infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a maneuverable, noninvasive, and safe treatment in clinical practice. After transplantation, MSCs are redistributed to the liver and lung, but how these intravenously transplanted MSCs promote injury repair via other organs is unclear. In this chapter, we aim to elucidate how intravenously transplanted MSCs indirectly interact with other organs, including the heart. These intravenously transplanted MSCs may play a significant role in tissue repair through MSC-derived exosomes. These MSC-derived exosomes always deliver or transfer key factors to the injured area to promote tissue repair. A significant immune response may also participate in tissue repair mediated by intravenously transplanted MSC-derived exosomes.