Extracellular Vesicles: Main Challenges in Industrialization

The sources and types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse, and primary and applied research in the past decade has shown tremendous potential and value in fields such as skincare, nutrition, and drug delivery. The novelty and heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles, as well as their early stage of development, present numerous challenges in the development of products. These challenges include scientific questions about extracellular vesicles, such as what they are, how they are produced, and their joint and individual characteristics. There are also challenges in the product development process, such as how to utilize the specific features of extracellular vesicles to develop what types of products, what quality control standards these products should have, and what production processes should be used. Compliance challenges also arise, such as obtaining legal status for extracellular vesicle products for development and addressing regulatory concerns with scientific and safety data. Market challenges exist, such as determining which extracellular vesicle products can win the market and users’ favor. The road ahead is challenging but full of hope.