Ingestible Biosensors for Personalized Health

Ingestible biosensors are one of the key advancements in personalized healthcare, offering real-time, noninvasive monitoring of physiological parameters and disease states. These devices are used in gastrointestinal monitoring, drug delivery, nutritional assessment, and disease diagnosis, transforming patient care by enabling continuous monitoring and early detection of health issues. In this chapter, we discuss the fundamentals and advances in developing ingestible sensors along with their challenges such as miniaturization, power management, data accuracy, and biocompatibility within the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Here, we also discuss, regulatory and ethical considerations such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval processes, patient privacy, and data security in detail. Thereafter, the case studies and clinical trials are presented to highlight their successful implementations. Finally, this chapter concludes with a discussion on prospects and innovations, emphasizing emerging trends and the adoption of ingestible biosensors with other health technologies. Overall, this chapter highlights the transformative potential of ingestible biosensors in revolutionizing personalized healthcare, addressing ethical and societal implications, and offering a forward-looking perspective on the future of this rapidly evolving field.