A Comparative Study of the Performance and Emissions of SI Engine Fueled with Isopropyl Acetate, n-Butyl Acetate, and Premium-Gasoline

The rising demand for fossil fuels is rapidly depleting the limited sources of crude oil, leading to harmful emissions upon combustion. Consequently, developing sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to fossil fuels has become imperative. This study investigated the performance and emission characteristics of blending isopropyl acetate and n-butyl acetate with premium-gasoline (PG) at various engine speeds. Biofuels-PG blends were prepared by mixing biofuels and PG in volume ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30%. For instance, a combination of isopropyl acetate and PG with 10% isopropyl acetate and 90% PG is denoted as IPAG10, while other blends such as IPAG20, IPAG30, BAG10, BAG20, and BAG30 also named accordingly. The performance and emission characteristics of these blends were also compared with PG and ethanol-PG blends. The results showed that the brake thermal efficiencies of BAG10, IPAG10, and EG10 were close to that of PG, with values of 30.29%, 29.87%, and 29.19%, respectively. However, the brake-specific energy consumption of the blends is higher than PG. Specifically, at 2500 rpm, the brake-specific energy consumption increased by 1.16%, 2.56%, and 4.98% for BAG10, IPAG10, and EG10 blends, respectively. In addition, these blends result in reduced carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions when compared to PG. Notably, the maximum reduction in emissions occurred at 2500 rpm for both BAG30 and IPAG30. The results of this study suggest that blending isopropyl acetate and n-butyl acetate with premium-gasoline is a promising way to reduce emissions and improve the performance of SI engines.