Discrimination and Forms of Discrimination in China at Present

Discrimination has two specific features: it is exclusionary and widespread (social). In a society with limited resources for survival and development, those who engage in discrimination can create and solidify resource allocation patterns that benefit their own interests. Through discriminatory practices, they can deprive others of a sense of equality, assert their own superiority, and establish authority, particularly over vulnerable groups. Additionally, discrimination allows those who practice it to promote their own values as mainstream societal values, thereby excluding and marginalizing the non-mainstream values of others to secure exclusive respect for their own beliefs. Typical causes of discrimination include prejudice, scarcity, and unfair distribution of social and economic resources, perceived inequality, societal segregation, and ethnocentrism. In contemporary China, discrimination is particularly pronounced in several areas: economic discrimination is severe and predominant among all forms of discrimination, social discrimination is also evident, and the manifestations of discrimination are relatively comprehensive. Furthermore, the level of tolerance for discrimination is notably low among Chinese people, especially urban residents.