With the rapid development of the digital economy, information systems play an important role in various industries. However, with it comes an increase in network security threats, the concept of the digital economy, and the importance of information systems. The digital economy refers to the economic activities of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption based on digital technology through information networks. The information system is the core of the operation of the digital economy, which includes components such as hardware, software, network, and data, used to process and manage various business information. The network security threats face the operation information system of the digital economy. With the popularization of information systems and the increase in their dependence, network security threats have become increasingly serious, including data breach, network attacks, and malware. Network security and identity authentication are important means to ensure the authenticity of user identities, which can be verified through methods such as passwords and biometric recognition. Access control is to restrict users’ access to system resources, which can be achieved through role authorization, access policies, and other methods. Encryption is an important means to protect the security of data transmission and storage, and to prevent information leakage by encrypting and decrypting data. Security monitoring is the real-time monitoring and detection of information systems, timely detection, and response to security events. Through experimental data, it can be seen that the digital economy information system of network security technology has only suffered one successful attack, three data errors, and only one operational error during use. The average virus defense time is only 13 s, indicating significant improvements in various aspects compared to traditional network security technology. Future research directions include improving the intelligence and adaptability of network security technology, strengthening cross-border cooperation and information sharing, and strengthening the formulation and implementation of laws, regulations, and policies.