Recent Progress of Polyion Complex Vesicles (PICsomes) for Biomedical Applications

Vesicular nanocarriers have been widely developed since the establishment of liposomal systems. After the discovery of polymeric vesicles, polyion complex (PIC)-based vesicles (PICsomes) were invented and have gained much attention because of their simple fabrication in aqueous media, feasible and well-controlled structure, and properties. Herein, we review the recent progress in PICsomes, covering both their fundamental properties and applications. In particular, the formation principles, material designs, fabrication methods, material properties, and their tuning are intensively discussed. Finally, unique and important biomedical applications are discussed.