Enhancing Soil Carbon Sequestration in the Global South: The Roles of Microbes and Biological Matter

Soil carbon sequestration plays a vital role in mitigating climate change and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. In the Global South, where the majority of the world’s population resides, enhancing soil carbon sequestration is of utmost importance for promoting food security, climate resilience, and environmental sustainability. The roles of microbes and biological matter in enhancing soil carbon sequestration in the Global South are explored in this chapter. The chapter begins by providing an introduction to the significance of soil carbon sequestration and the specific focus on microbial communities and biological matter. Understanding the dynamics of soil carbon sequestration and the factors influencing it forms the foundation for effective strategies. We discuss the current challenges and opportunities faced in the Global South regarding soil carbon sequestration and highlight the urgent need for sustainable solutions. Microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, are key players in carbon cycling and storage. We delve into the intricate interactions between soil microbial communities and plant roots and emphasize their contribution to carbon sequestration. We explore microbial processes involved in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and the formation of stable soil organic carbon. Highlighting the crucial role of microbial activity in promoting soil health and carbon storage, we discusse strategies for harnessing microbial potential. Moreover, the chapter examines the role of biological matter, such as crop residues and cover crops, in enhancing soil carbon sequestration. Effective management of organic inputs and residues is essential for carbon accumulation. We explore practices like crop residue management, cover cropping, composting, and biochar application that promote carbon sequestration and enhance soil fertility. Drawing from successful case studies, we provide practical insights into the implementation of these strategies and their positive impacts. The chapter addresses barriers related to knowledge gaps, policy frameworks, and economic considerations. We emphasize the importance of integrating sustainable soil management practices into broader agricultural and environmental policies. In conclusion, the book chapter underscores the critical roles of governments, NGOs, private sector, microbes, and biological matter in enhancing soil carbon sequestration in the Global South.